Photovoltaic ceramic tile: building energy efficiency on the roof

**Abstract** Recently, a high-tech photovoltaic ceramic tile captured widespread attention at the annual meeting of the Building Energy Saving and Green Building Science and Technology Achievements Application Conference, as well as the National Building Energy Conservation and Construction Technology Promotion Service Platform, organized by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Science and Technology Development Center. These tiles have sparked interest not only for their innovative design but also for their practical benefits in energy efficiency and sustainability. In Dongqiao and Sanqiao villages, located in Fuyang City, Zhejiang Province, several homes feature roofs covered with unremarkable black tiles from a distance. However, upon closer inspection, these tiles reveal a hidden function: each one is embedded with a square solar cell. This innovative product serves dual purposes — it acts as a traditional building material while simultaneously generating electricity through photovoltaic conversion. The photovoltaic ceramic tile is a breakthrough in green construction technology. It has been reported that 17 households in the two villages are equipped with this advanced system. Among them, 9 families in Dongqiao Village benefited from new housing policies related to mountain resettlement and demolition. According to Zhejiang Heda Solar Technology Co., Ltd.’s Vice Chairman, Hou Shengzhong, the installation was tailored to meet the specific electricity needs of the residents, with a maximum monthly consumption limit of 100 kWh and 50 kWh respectively. The system is expected to generate approximately 11,637 kWh annually, saving over 7,000 yuan in electricity costs per year based on a rate of 0.6 yuan per kWh. Beyond cost savings, the tiles offer long-term environmental benefits. With a design life of 25 years, they help reduce carbon emissions and other pollutants by replacing traditional coal-based energy sources. Their integration into residential architecture represents a sustainable solution for modern energy needs. According to Dr. Li Junbing, CTO of Zhejiang Heda, the tiles are made using clay and special materials, produced through an eco-friendly process. They are then combined with crystalline silicon solar modules to create a durable, aesthetically pleasing, and functional roofing solution. Available in various styles, including traditional Chinese glazed tiles and Western-style tiling options, they cater to different architectural preferences. These tiles provide multiple benefits: insulation, waterproofing, and power generation. They are lightweight, strong, long-lasting, and environmentally friendly, making them ideal for roof integration in both urban and rural settings. They are especially suitable for low-density housing, highway service areas, and other structures where rooftop solar applications can be maximized. Recognized for its innovation, the photovoltaic ceramic tile won the 2011 National Energy Science and Technology Progress Award and is supported by national development policies. As the global PV industry evolves, the focus is shifting from large-scale ground installations to distributed rooftop systems. This trend aligns with China’s push for green buildings and energy efficiency. Hou Shengyue, CEO of Zhejiang Heda, emphasized that rooftop space is becoming a key resource for solar energy. The shift from centralized to decentralized energy production highlights the importance of technologies like photovoltaic ceramic tiles. Their adoption supports ecological civilization and contributes to a more sustainable future. “Photovoltaic ceramic tiles have opened a new path for China's photovoltaic building integration,” said Hou Shengzhong. “They mark the beginning of a new era in slope-type rooftop solar applications.” In the current global market, especially under the challenges of trade barriers, these tiles play a vital role in supporting the growth and resilience of China’s solar industry.

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