Factors Affecting Photovoltaic Power Generation
Frequently, people complained about the low amount of photovoltaic power generation, and there was no hope of returning, saying that Xiao Bian had always been a king-poll to sell melons—selling and boasting! In actual fact, many small details in life may lead to a reduction in the amount of photovoltaic power generation, thereby affecting returns. Today Xiao Bian will take you to understand the top ten factors that affect photovoltaic power generation. I believe that as long as you understand these points, you will certainly be able to earn enough. Full!
1. Solar energy resources
In the case of a certain actual installed capacity of the photovoltaic power plant, the power generation of the photovoltaic system is determined by the solar radiation intensity, and the solar radiation amount is positively related to the power generation amount. The radiation intensity and spectral characteristics of the sun change with weather conditions.
2. Component installation method
The amount of radiation on the inclined plane at different installation angles in the same area is different. The amount of radiation on the inclined plane can be increased by adjusting the tilt angle of the battery panel (the bracket is fixed and adjustable) or by adding tracking equipment (the bracket uses the tracking type).
3. Inverter capacity ratio
The inverter capacity ratio refers to the ratio of the rated power of the inverter to the capacity of the PV modules.
Since the power generated by photovoltaic modules is transmitted to the inverter, there are many links in the middle that cause reductions, and inverters, box transformers and other equipment cannot be fully operated for most of the time. Therefore, the capacity of photovoltaic modules should be slightly larger than Inverter rated capacity. According to experience, PV modules: Inverter = 1.2:1 is an optimal design ratio in regions with better solar energy resources.
4. Component serial and parallel matching
Connecting the components in series will cause current loss due to the difference in the currents of the components. The string in parallel will cause voltage loss due to the voltage difference of the strings.
CNCA/CTS00X-2014 "Technical Specifications for Performance Testing and Quality Evaluation of Grid-connected Photovoltaic Power Plants" (Draft for Comment): It is required that the maximum loss of components in series mismatch should not exceed 2%.
5. Component shielding
Component shielding includes dust shielding, snow cover, weeds, trees, panels, and other buildings. Shading will reduce the amount of radiation received by the component, affect the heat dissipation of the component, and cause the output power of the component to drop, and may also cause heat. spot.
6. Component temperature characteristics
As the temperature of the crystalline silicon cell increases, the open circuit voltage decreases, and the voltage of each cell decreases by about 2 mV for every 1° C. increase in the range of 20-100° C., while the current slightly increases with the temperature increase. In general, the temperature of the solar cell decreases, and the typical power temperature coefficient is -0.35%/°C. That is, if the temperature of the battery is increased by 1°C, the power is reduced by 0.35%.
7. Component power attenuation
The attenuation of the component power refers to the phenomenon that the output power of the component gradually decreases with the increase of the illumination time. Component attenuation is related to the characteristics of the component itself. The attenuation phenomenon can be roughly divided into three categories: sudden depreciation of component power caused by destructive factors; initial photo-induced attenuation of components; and aging degradation of components.
CNCA/CTS00X-2014 "Technical Specifications for Performance Testing and Quality Assessment of Grid-connected Photovoltaic Power Plants" The loss-decrease rate of polysilicon modules within one year does not exceed 2.5%, and the rate of decline within two years does not exceed 3.2%; the decline of monocrystalline silicon modules within one year should not be Above 3.0%, the decline should not exceed 4.2% within 2 years.
8. Equipment operation stability
The failure of the equipment in the photovoltaic power generation system directly affects the power generation of the power station. For example, if the AC equipment above the inverter fails to shut down, the resulting power loss will be enormous. In addition, although the equipment operates but does not operate in the best performance state, it also causes power loss.
9. Routine maintenance
Routine maintenance and repair are the work that the power station must carry out. Arranging a good maintenance plan can reduce the amount of power lost. The power station shall, in conjunction with its own conditions, establish a reasonable maintenance time, and at the same time improve the work efficiency of the overhaul and reduce the power generated by the power station due to normal maintenance.
10. Power grid consumption
Due to the dissatisfaction of power grids, some regional power grid dispatchers require the photovoltaic power plants to operate with limited power.
to sum up
Factors influencing the power generation of photovoltaic power plants include solar energy resources, component installation methods, inverter capacity allocation, component serial and parallel matching, component shielding, component temperature characteristics, component power attenuation, equipment operation and maintenance stability, routine maintenance, and power grid elimination. On the other hand, these factors have affected the power generation of the power station to varying degrees.
Some of these factors are controllable, such as dust shielding, weeds, and equipment downtime. Regular cleaning and weeding can solve the problems caused by dust blocking and weed occluding. By quickly eliminating faults, the loss caused by equipment downtime can be reduced, thereby increasing the power generation of the power station. Meteorological factors, component attenuation, design defects (blocking of front and rear rows of components, blockage of left and right rows of components, and blockage of nearby buildings) are uncontrollable factors and cannot be changed during the later period of operation and maintenance of the power station (unless large-scale Technical transformation of power stations will continue to affect the power generation of the power station.
So, for a photovoltaic power plant, how can it ensure its 25-year high-efficiency operation and have a higher power generation capacity? Should mainly control from the following aspects:
1) The location must be better
This is a necessary condition. If a photovoltaic power plant is located in a poor solar energy area or beside a mine, the power generated by the photovoltaic power plant after completion will certainly not reach the expected value.
2) Strict control of design, procurement and construction
Photovoltaic power plant design, procurement and construction must be strictly controlled in every link, otherwise the short board effect caused by any link will bring great difficulties to the future operation and maintenance of the power station, and even cause no maintenance. Seriously affect the performance of the entire power plant power generation system.
3) Standardized power plant operation and maintenance management
Power plant operation and maintenance management is the core. In the whole life cycle of photovoltaic power plants, operation and maintenance accounted for 98% of the time, and good power plant operation and maintenance management is the fundamental guarantee for power generation. If the operation and maintenance management of the power plant is not in place, if an equipment shutdown occurs, and the system does not respond in time (even if it does not respond), it will inevitably affect the power generation of the power plant, and as the failure time increases, the power loss of the fault will become more and more. Big. On the contrary, if the operation and maintenance management of the power plant can be standardized and refined, after the failure of the equipment, the operation and maintenance personnel immediately respond to the fault and quickly troubleshoot and eliminate the fault at the site, then the equipment failure loss can be effectively reduced, thereby increasing the power generation of the power station.
In short, the standardization of power plant operation and maintenance management is the core. Through the establishment of a scientific operation and maintenance management system, a rapid fault response mechanism and a standardized operation and maintenance work instruction book, all people have responsibilities, everything has procedures, standards for operations, and errors are corrected, forming a virtuous circle. It can ensure the long-term safety, stability, and efficient operation of the power station, so as to ensure that the power generation revenue of the power station is maximized.
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