Problems in the vegetable soil of facilities and improvement measures
The area of ​​facilities and vegetables in Lishui County of Shandong Province is nearly 100,000 mu. Due to the short production cycle of vegetables, high yield and high number of times, secondary soil salinization and heavy mites in facility vegetable areas are more serious.
First, there are problems 1. The area of ​​soil where secondary salinization occurs is increasing.
2. The occurrence of pests and diseases is serious, especially the soil-borne diseases are becoming more and more serious;
3. Soil compaction, poor water retention and fertilizer retention.
Second, the cause:
Due to the large-scale application of chemical fertilizers and continuous cropping of vegetables, soil compaction has occurred, soil aggregate structure has been destroyed, soil salinization has been continuously strengthened, soil acidity has been continuously improved, vegetable diseases have been increasing, and vegetable production in Lishui County has been severely restricted.
Third, the solution:
1. Soil conditioner and functional organic fertilizer technology. According to different soil barriers in three towns and villages, different soil conditioners can be screened through experiments to adjust soil pH, improve soil aggregate structure and increase soil permeability. At present, we have cooperated with Shandong Agricultural University Fertilizer Co., Ltd., and have already carried out some experimental work in some greenhouses in Zhongguan Town, and achieved preliminary results. In addition, the three townships plant corn and wheat, and the straw produced can be applied in vegetable production by straw returning or straw reactor, reducing fertilizer application, loosening the soil, and testing through partial plots in Zhongguan Town.
2. Formula fertilization technology. With reasonable target yield and soil nutrient supply as the main parameters, strictly control the total fertilizer input and nutrient distribution ratio, fully apply the soil test data and results, strengthen the database data analysis, reduce excessive fertilization and blind fertilization, and achieve increased yield fertilization and economic fertilization. And environmentally friendly fertilization. We are currently doing this work.
3. Biotechnology. Through the soil microbial technology, the relevant beneficial microorganisms are extracted in the soil, and the microbial agents are produced into the soil through the related technology, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling soil diseases. At present, we have carried out this work with soil microbiology experts from Shandong Agricultural University.
4. Optimize fertilizer varieties, fertilization methods and fertilization methods, and build an environment-friendly fertilization model to improve the utilization efficiency of fertilizers in the current season. On the economic crops such as vegetables and fruit trees with drip irrigation conditions, the implementation of soil-fertilizer water coupling technology combining fertilization and irrigation, water-saving and fertilizer-saving, promoting refined and integrated fertilization technology, and vigorously introducing urea and nitrate Suitable nitrogen fertilizer varieties such as base nitride, carry out field trial demonstration and technical materialization promotion of new fertilizers based on slow and controlled release fertilizer, improve the proportion of new environmentally friendly fertilizers such as slow-release fertilizers, build an environment-friendly fertilization model, and optimize fertilizers. Variety, effectively improve the fertilizer utilization rate, reduce the amount of fertilizer input, and achieve reduction, efficiency and cost reduction.
5. Through the engineering measures, the soil is deeply turned over and the soil is improved. The soil deep-turning technology can effectively supplement the salt-based ions such as calcium and magnesium that are lost in the surface soil, which is beneficial to rapid soil improvement.
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