Does the blue light in the LED light hurt the eye?

Since the beginning of this year, concerns about LED "blue light harming the eyes" have been frequently raised, causing some people to avoid using LED lighting. But what exactly is blue light? Is it harmful to our eyes? And are LED lights safe? To find out, we spoke with experts in the field. **Is Blue Light Harmful to the Eyes?** The potential harm of blue light depends on the total amount of blue light that reaches the human eye. In fact, the safety level of LED lamps and energy-saving lamps with the same color temperature is nearly identical. At the 2013 China (Shanghai) International Semiconductor Lighting Application Technology Forum, experts discussed the safety of blue light. According to Professor Tong Tongsheng from Zhejiang University's School of Optoelectronic Information Engineering, visible light consists of seven colors: red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, and purple. The blue and cyan light corresponds to wavelengths between 435-500 nm, while the scientific community typically refers to the range of 400-500 nm as the "blue light region." Associate Professor Zhang Shanduan from Fudan University’s Institute of Electric Light Sources explained, “White LEDs work by using a blue LED chip to excite yellow phosphor, creating white light. The term 'blue light hazard' refers to the 400-500 nm blue light band in a light source. If the brightness is too high and the eyes are exposed for a long time, it could cause photochemical damage to the retina. The actual risk depends on how much blue light the eye accumulates under the light.” He also noted that the common technology used in LED lamps—“blue chip + yellow phosphor”—results in higher blue light content. However, this doesn’t mean LED lights are more harmful than other types of lighting. In experiments comparing LED and energy-saving lamps of the same color temperature, both were found to be equally safe. Color temperature is a key indicator of a light source’s spectral quality. Lower color temperatures produce warm light, while higher ones create cool, bluish light. As color temperature increases, so does the proportion of blue light. Brightness also plays a role. Generally, fluorescent and LED lamps with the same color temperature are safe as long as the LED’s brightness is no more than three times that of the fluorescent lamp. However, some overly bright LED lamps may exceed safe blue light levels. With advancements in LED technology, manufacturers no longer need to increase brightness or color temperature to achieve higher lumen output, reducing the risk of excessive blue light exposure. Sun Xinghuai, president of the Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital, stated that blue light isn't exclusive to LEDs. It's also present in smartphones and computer screens. His hospital has never recorded any cases of eye injuries caused by LED lighting. Yu Anqi, director of the National Electric Light Source Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (Shanghai), compared the question of LED safety to asking whether the sun is safe. While sunlight is generally safe, staring directly at it can cause eye burns. Recently, the National Semiconductor Lighting Engineering R&D and Industry Alliance and the China Lighting Society gathered over 10 top experts to discuss the issue of "blue light harming the eyes." They published a white paper titled "General Lighting LED and Blue Light." Professor Zhou Taiming, a representative of the writing group, said, "LED light sources have similar blue light radiation levels on the human retina as traditional sources like fluorescent and metal halide lamps, and do not cause harm to the eyes." **How to Use LED Lamps Safely** Experts advise against looking directly at LED lights. A new mandatory standard is currently being developed to ensure safer usage. Yu Anqi emphasized that if you purchase a qualified luminaire and use it properly, LED lighting is no more dangerous than traditional lighting. China’s national standard "Photobiosafety of Lamps and Lamp Systems" provides clear methods for calculating blue light hazards and sets quantified limits. It states that LED lighting products fall within the safety range defined by these limits, just like other light sources. However, it’s important to note that this standard is currently a "recommendation standard," not a "mandatory one." Internationally, biosafety standards for blue light have been established based on its intensity. Products are classified into different categories depending on their potential to cause harm. For example, zero-type products have no blue light hazard, while second-class products require warning labels stating that they should not be stared at directly. As LED technology continues to improve, the industry is working toward ensuring that all lighting products are safe and user-friendly.

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