The semi-solid "cup cake" electrolyte developed by scientists keeps the lithium-sulfur battery stable

According to foreign media reports, today's lithium batteries consist of a cathode, an anode, and a liquid electrolyte, which transfers back and forth between lithium ions during charging and discharging. Recently, scientists have been studying what more solid-state forms of electrolytes may bring, especially in terms of safety. Scientists in Singapore are now reporting a new type of semi-solid electrolyte that can improve the safety of lithium-sulfur batteries, which have huge untapped potential in energy storage.

For researchers in this field, the prospect of a reliable lithium-sulfur battery (rather than the commonly used lithium ion chemistry method) is exciting. This is because they can hold up to five times the energy per unit weight, but the main obstacle is that they provide a much shorter life span, and these materials often deteriorate and break quickly.

Therefore, scientists are studying new battery architectures that can overcome this problem, and recently there have been some promising breakthroughs. These are achieved through reimagined battery components, including hybrid cathodes, fully solid electrolytes, and new bridging bonds that provide a "breathing space" for sulfur particles. Now, scientists at the Singapore A * STAR Nanobiology Laboratory have proposed another solution based on what they call a hybrid quasi-solid electrolyte. This new electrolyte was created using the "cup cake method", in which a metal precursor and sucrose were dissolved in water and then heated to assume a brown "cup cake" shape.

Then heating the "cup cake" will result in the formation of a liquid-infused porous membrane consisting of a sheet with high conductivity and chemical stability. Using this semi-solid 3D thin plate stack as an electrolyte can make good contact with the cathode and anode, but can keep it stable during charging.

Professor Jackie Y. Ying, who is in charge of the research team, said: "The mixed quasi-solid electrolyte containing both liquid and solid components has become a practical compromise to obtain a safer battery while maintaining good performance." However, the high solids Resistance so far, components have limited the performance of this battery. To overcome this problem, we redesigned the microstructure of the solid component. Our solution eliminates electrolyte leakage and is thermally and mechanically stable. "

The team demonstrated this at a range of voltages and reported that the battery has high capacity, fast charge and discharge capabilities and overall "the highest known performance achieved in a lithium-sulfur hybrid quasi-solid battery." The team believes that this unique architecture can also be applied to other types of lithium batteries.

Ying said: "We found that the 3D sheet-based frame is essential for optimal battery performance. In addition, our system also exhibits excellent stability at extreme temperatures. These results illustrate our sheet-like structure as the other half The great potential of the solid-state lithium battery framework. "

The research was published in the "Nano Energy" magazine.

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