Scientists help to install "spillway" for lithium battery: to reduce the wind of battery overheating and explosion

With the popularity of mobile phones, tablets, and electric vehicles, lithium batteries are playing an increasingly important role in people's lives. The battery safety issue has also become a problem that cannot be ignored. How to improve the safety of lithium batteries and reduce the risk of overheating and explosion of batteries has become an important issue in front of scientists.

Recently, Matthew Gonzalez, a researcher at the University of California, San Diego, proposed a "spillway" concept to solve the problem of lithium batteries exploding due to overheating.

The researchers first started with the "lithium dendrite problem".

We all know that a lithium-ion battery is mainly composed of two electrodes, an electrolyte and a separator. The ions start from the lithium cathode, pass through the electrolyte and the separator, and finally reach the graphite anode.

The uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites can quickly reduce the performance of the battery, shorten the battery life, and even pierce the separator between the electrodes, causing safety problems such as battery short circuit.

To this end, the researchers first applied conductive carbon nanotubes to the isolation membrane. When dendrites formed and pierced the isolation membrane, electrons would gather on the carbon nanotubes, and then slowly “flowed out” from the battery. This method is like the “spillway” of the reservoir. When the water level in the reservoir exceeds the safety limit, the water flows downstream from the “spillway” to prevent the dam from being destroyed.

Matthew Gonzalez said: "The new separator will slowly discharge too much charge, and at the same time prevent the electrons from" overflowing "to the cathode side. When it intercepts the lithium dendrite, the battery will start to self-discharge, so when the battery is short-circuited There wo n’t be enough energy to explode. "

The researchers found in the test that the lithium battery equipped with a new isolation membrane gradually degraded within 20 to 30 times of charge and discharge, which can be pre-warned; with the traditional separator, the battery may suddenly break in a certain cycle, And completely unpredictable.

At present, there is still a lot of work to be done to install the "spillway" lithium battery until it is practical, but the occurrence of a large number of lithium battery safety problems has proved the necessity of developing such batteries.

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