Tulips can be a bit challenging to grow, mainly because their bulbs require a cool summer climate, which isn't ideal for most regions in China. However, growing tulips at home is actually quite manageable if you take proper care of them. With the right conditions, they can even bloom again the following year.
When selecting tulip bulbs, aim for those that are over 4 cm in diameter, or have a circumference of more than 12 cm, to ensure strong flowering. You can choose from various colors and varieties. Most commercially available bulbs are pre-chilled at around 4°C to 5°C, so it's best to plant them immediately after purchase. They typically bloom within 60 to 70 days. If you want them to flower around New Year or the Spring Festival, buy them between September and October. After the leaves emerge, make sure to provide sufficient light. For the best results, it’s recommended to plant them from late October to November. The roots will develop during winter, the leaves will appear in spring, and the flowers usually bloom between April and May.
Tulips prefer a warm and humid winter, a cool and dry summer, and plenty of sunlight once the leaves start growing. The ideal temperature range for growth is 15°C to 20°C. While the bulbs can survive temperatures as low as -35°C in winter, they may wither at 30°C in summer. The potting soil should stay moist but not waterlogged. A loose, fertile sandy loam with a pH of 6.5 to 7 is ideal. Using a balanced compound fertilizer or humic acid liquid fertilizer can help promote healthy growth.
From October to November, plant the bulbs in pots ranging from 10 cm to 20 cm in diameter. Use a drainage layer of charcoal, gravel, or perlite at the bottom, then fill with well-draining, neutral soil. Avoid reusing soil that has previously been used for lilies or other bulb plants to prevent disease. In pots 10–15 cm in size, plant 1–2 bulbs per pot; for 18–20 cm pots, plant 3–5 bulbs. After planting, cover the bulbs lightly with soil and place them in a shaded area for a few days. Water when the top inch of the soil feels dry.
From December to February, keep the pots in a cool, sunny spot, and wrap them in foam if necessary. Roots can still grow at temperatures above 5°C. Keep the soil slightly moist but avoid overwatering. In March and April, as the plants begin to sprout, place them in full sun and apply a balanced fertilizer once a week. Mist the foliage daily with warm water to maintain humidity. Once flower buds appear, increase air moisture around the pot to support blooming, which typically occurs between April and May.
After flowering in May and June, most tulips are discarded, though in mountainous areas, they can be kept for another season. If you want to continue growing them, cut off the spent flowers but leave the stem to allow nutrients to go back into the bulb. Place the pot in a cool, well-lit, and ventilated area, and feed it with a 1‰ compound fertilizer solution every 10 days to encourage new bulb development. Keep the soil moist for about two weeks after the leaves die back.
From July to September, stop watering and fertilizing, allowing the bulbs to rest in a cool, dark place. In October, dig up the bulbs. If the new bulbs are larger than 3 cm in diameter, they can be replanted and expected to bloom again in about four years. Smaller bulbs can also be used for propagation, but natural reproduction is rare in most parts of China. If you enjoy growing tulips, you may need to purchase new bulbs each year.
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