Japan Developed High-Temperature Superconducting Wire with Insulating Layer Thickness of Only 4μm

On August 12, 2013, the Japan Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chiba University jointly announced a breakthrough in high-temperature superconducting wire technology. They developed a new insulation layer that reduces the thickness of the insulating material to one-tenth or less compared to previous methods. This advancement allows for a significant increase in current density within superconducting coils, paving the way for more compact and efficient designs. Traditionally, the thickness of the insulating layer was similar to that of the superconducting layer itself, which limited the coil's current density. The newly developed method uses a "polyimide electrodeposition technique" to apply a thin, uniform layer of polyimide onto the wire. This process ensures that even the corners of the wire are evenly coated, which is crucial for maintaining performance and reliability. The new high-temperature superconducting wire has a width of 4 to 5 mm and a thickness of 100 to 150 micrometers. It is designed to be used in superconducting coils, where an insulating layer is essential. Unlike conventional methods that involve winding polymer tapes—often leading to issues like breakage and misalignment—the new technique offers a more reliable and efficient solution. It enables the creation of ultra-thin insulation layers in just a few steps, making it suitable for long lengths of wire, even several kilometers in length. With this innovation, the cross-sectional area of the superconducting wire (including the insulation) now has an insulating portion occupying less than 10%, compared to over 50% previously. As a result, the current density of the superconducting coil has more than doubled. For example, in a lead coil generating a 10 Tesla magnetic field with an inner diameter of 10 cm, the overall volume can be reduced by as much as five times. This development marks a major step forward in the miniaturization and efficiency of superconducting systems, with potential applications in energy transmission, medical imaging, and advanced scientific research.

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