"Fire" and "security" are the same and different!

Fire protection, as the name implies, includes the concepts of "elimination" and "prevention". As a safety system, it completely includes the two basic elements of prevention and disaster reduction, and also embodies the "prevention first, combination of prevention and elimination" principle of fire protection.

Prevention and mitigation are the basic elements of a safety system, and are also the two main factors of fire protection. Therefore, it is determined that there are many things in common between fire protection and security.

Prevention is the core of the fire protection system. The system must be able to detect the existence of fire risk factors and fire hazards in a timely and accurate manner, and give early warning and early warning of fire. The fire detection technology is the main means to prevent, detect the natural environmental parameters that can lead to fire danger or the physical phenomena produced by the initial fire, analyze and judge, and send out an alarm message.

Disaster mitigation is the rapid and effective response to alarms to eliminate and control fire risks in a timely manner, make up for the initial fire and control the spread of fire, so that it can change to a safe direction. Adopting the corresponding technical system is an effective method to reduce the loss of fire. Usually, there are fire water supply system and various fire extinguishing devices, which are operated by people. Many modern buildings will use automatic control systems, such as water spraying system, chemical (Gas) fire extinguishing system, etc. These are all unique to the fire protection system.

In building infrastructure facilities, taking necessary designs for fire protection needs (decided according to risk factors), such as fire safety passages, fire doors, isolation and life-saving devices, is also an effective means of disaster reduction. It is also an effective preventive measure that the building's fire resistance can be strengthened during the design of the building. Usually this measure is called "system hardening".

The fire protection system is a security system that is very similar to the security system in terms of technology. Especially in terms of preventive measures, the security alarm system and the fire alarm system are basically the same in terms of network structure, communication method, information processing and control method, so many technicians advocate combining the two into one or combining the two systems Integrate together to achieve the most reasonable resource allocation. Of course, they also have obvious differences, mainly in terms of the system's disaster reduction measures. For example, the linkage mechanism controlled by the fire protection system is the above-mentioned water spray system, gas fire extinguishing system, etc. Its design and building foundation, management The combination of roads etc. is relatively closer.

The security system and the fire detection system have the same technical development. It can be said that they go side by side. Some intelligent security system concepts are derived from fire protection systems. For example, the expert system of the security system to evaluate the authenticity of the alarm is an analog quantity system derived from fire protection. They do not reflect the changes of various physical quantities and states separately and individually (respectively and individually respond to the alarms of various detectors), but analyze and judge comprehensively and from the correlation between them and the characteristics of the changing process. So as to get real detection results. This requires the system and equipment to adopt a humanized design, with analysis and judgment functions that imitate human thinking methods. For example, the analog quantity alarm system for fire detection is to analyze the relationship between the detection data of various detectors in a space in terms of time, rate, order, spatial distribution, etc. according to the law of the diffusion of space smoke and the change of environmental temperature in the initial fire To judge whether it is in line with a real fire risk situation, to make the judgment of the alarm. This is the concept of an intelligent system.

The reason why security and fire protection have many similarities is that they are detected by measuring changes in the physical parameters of the environment. For example, fire detection mainly measures temperature, temperature change rate, smoke concentration, ultraviolet radiation, etc., while intrusion detection is mainly Measure electromagnetic field changes, infrared radiation strikes, etc. And all detectors have the same detection output mode, mainly the switching value. In both systems, some detectors can be used interchangeably, such as active infrared, which can realize smoke detection as a fire detector, and can also achieve intrusion detection by blocking the optical path to become an intrusion detector. As for the transmission of detection signals, system monitoring (condition monitoring) and information display, the two systems are even more identical. The working principle, circuit structure and functional composition of the control equipment can be said to be basic and universal. However, in terms of system structure, the technical standards of the fire protection industry have clear regulations for area (floor) controllers (installed on each floor and connected to fire detectors) and centralized controllers (installed in fire control centers, connected to each area controller) , There are normative requirements for their configuration, installation method and basic functions. The security system is not so strict, it allows designers to choose flexibly according to the specific situation.

The essence of the difference between the security system and the fire protection system lies in the difference in the prevention objects of the two. The protection system's protection object is a person, which is caused by the subjective intention of the person. The fire protection system's prevention object is the natural (objective) phenomenon of "fire", which is caused by the failure of the system and the unintentional intention of people. Therefore, many problems of the fire protection system are covered by the classic safety theory, and many of its factors are relatively determined, so the corresponding technical standards and management specifications in system construction are relatively complete and operable. What needs to be strengthened in the future is the design of fire protection systems and the consideration of equipment and facilities for high-rise buildings and large underground facilities. This is not the case with security systems. Many of the basic factors that make up it are highly uncertain, and are theoretically blank, and the corresponding technical standards are not perfect. Many problems need to be summarized and improved through practice. For example, when the system is designed, the security system should consider the damage of the intruder to the system. This is the main purpose of security system reinforcement. The fire protection system does not pay attention to this problem.

In terms of management, it is currently not allowed to integrate or integrate the two systems. This is prescribed and cannot be changed at will. But technically, we can learn from each other to achieve a certain degree of integration and resource sharing. For example, the security access control system must put all doors open when fire hazard occurs, and fire and security can share image resources for building environment monitoring. In some newly developed application areas, the two have been integrated. For example, the security system of a residential area includes various functions such as security, fire protection, and sanitation. The home alarm controller can be connected to intrusion detectors, fire detectors, Various sensors such as gas detectors are already a system combining fire protection and security.

The above security and fire protection are the same or different, and are divided and combined to illustrate the characteristics of the two systems, independent or integrated, there are no technical obstacles, mainly to ensure the effective operation and prevention of the system, and to achieve disaster reduction functions .