Analysis of Development of China's Power Generation Equipment Manufacturing Industry
In the field of major power generation equipment in China, the gap with global standards is now the smallest, and the country has made significant breakthroughs ahead of others. This achievement is not only remarkable but also well-deserved. Over the past three decades, the Chinese power generation equipment manufacturing industry has experienced a remarkable transformation, from technology introduction and absorption to independent innovation and continuous improvement. Leading companies have played a crucial role in this journey, driving the sector to new heights and establishing China as a key player in the global market.
Starting from raw material processing, moving through design mapping, joint development, and cooperative production, Chinese manufacturers have now reached an equal footing with international giants. Companies like Harbin Electric, Shanghai Electric, and Dongfang Electric have taken a unique path—combining technology transfer, internal learning, and self-innovation—to significantly enhance their core competitiveness.
Under national policy guidance, China's thermal power sector has entered a new era of clean and efficient power generation. The development of supercritical units began in the late 1980s, with early imports of large-scale supercritical systems. In 1992, the first two 600 MW supercritical units were installed at the Shidongkou Second Power Plant in Shanghai. This marked a strategic combination of technology and trade, focusing on acquiring advanced boiler and turbine technologies and related software, while simultaneously building a skilled workforce for future localization efforts.
To further advance the localization of supercritical units, China included the development of 600 MW supercritical units in its 95th national technical equipment project in 2000. The Huaneng Qinbei Power Plant became the first domestic demonstration site for these units, paving the way for indigenous production.
As domestically produced 600 MW supercritical units came online, the reliance on foreign technology was gradually reduced, and the localization rate of critical components significantly increased. Building on this success, the three major power equipment manufacturers—Harbin, Shanghai, and Dongfang—imported ultra-supercritical technology from global leaders such as Mitsubishi, Toshiba, Siemens, and Alstom. Through collaborative efforts, they successfully developed and tested 1,000 MW ultra-supercritical units.
Today, China leads globally in the mass production of both supercritical and ultra-supercritical thermal power units. Performance metrics such as efficiency, power supply stability, and coal consumption have reached international standards. China has become the world’s largest producer of supercritical units, with a vast number of installations across the country.
Additionally, China has actively promoted the use of large-scale air-cooled units. In 2010, it launched the world’s first million-kilowatt-class ultra-supercritical direct air-cooled unit. Now, China holds the record for the largest number of air-cooled power plants globally.
Experts have praised China’s rapid progress in developing 600 MW supercritical and 1,000 MW ultra-supercritical units, noting that the country achieved in four years what took other nations decades to accomplish. This reflects the strength and determination of China’s power generation industry in achieving technological independence and global competitiveness.
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