Analysis of Development of China's Power Generation Equipment Manufacturing Industry
In the field of large-scale equipment in China, power generation technology currently shows the smallest gap compared to global standards and was among the first to achieve a breakthrough. This recognition is not easily earned but is well-deserved.
Over the past three decades, China's power generation equipment manufacturing industry has made remarkable progress. Starting from technology introduction, through digestion and absorption, to independent innovation and continuous improvement, the sector has experienced significant leaps. Companies like Harbin Electric, Shanghai Electric, and Dongfang Electric have played a key role in this transformation, driving the industry toward a qualitative leap in core competitiveness.
The journey began with basic raw material processing and blueprint manufacturing, gradually moving toward joint design, bidding, and collaborative production. Today, Chinese manufacturers are on equal footing with international giants and even hold a competitive advantage. These leading companies have taken a unique path—combining technology transfer, internal learning, and self-innovation—to elevate the entire industry.
China’s thermal power sector has entered a new era of clean and efficient power generation under national policy guidance. It has become a symbol of the country’s independent innovation in the motor industry. Since the late 1980s, China started developing supercritical thermal power units, initially importing large-capacity systems from abroad. In 1992, the first two 600 MW supercritical units were installed at the Shidongkou Second Plant in Shanghai. This project combined technology and trade, focusing on acquiring advanced boiler and turbine technologies, as well as design software, while also training local engineers for future localization efforts.
To further promote the localization of supercritical units, the development of 600 MW supercritical units was included in the 95th National Major Technical Equipment Development Project in 2000. The Huaneng Qinbei Power Plant became the first domestic demonstration project for such units.
With the successful operation of two domestically produced 600 MW supercritical coal-fired units, most of the main equipment and critical auxiliary systems have become independent, significantly increasing the localization rate. Building on this success, the three major power equipment manufacturers—Harbin, Shanghai, and Dongfang—imported ultra-supercritical technology from companies like Mitsubishi, Toshiba, Siemens, and Alstom. Through cooperative arrangements, they successfully tested and launched one million kW ultra-supercritical units.
Today, China can mass-produce 600 MW and even 1,000 MW supercritical and ultra-supercritical thermal power units. Performance metrics such as efficiency, power supply quality, and coal consumption have reached international advanced levels. China has now become the world’s largest producer of supercritical units.
Additionally, the country continues to promote the use of large-scale air-cooled units. In 2010, it launched the world’s first million-kilowatt-class ultra-supercritical direct air-cooled unit. Currently, China operates the largest number of air-cooled power units globally.
Experts have praised China’s rapid progress in developing 600 MW supercritical and 1,000 MW ultra-supercritical thermal units, noting that it achieved in four years what took the world decades to accomplish.
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