McMug Summer Soybean Festival
The wheat stubble summer soybean cultivation technique is a modern agricultural method that integrates mechanical harvesting of wheat with the return of straw to the field, either fully or partially. This system combines protective mechanical farming, post-emergence herbicide application, pest management, chemical regulation, and rhizobial inoculation. As agricultural machinery continues to advance, this technique has become a dominant approach in the winter wheat-summer soybean rotation system in the Huanghuaihai region.
This technique includes three main methods: cockroach live broadcasting, no-till straw spreading precision sowing, and shallow spinning. The method is particularly suitable for areas where wheat and soybeans are grown in two crops per year, such as the Huanghuaihai region. Compared to traditional practices, the use of wheat stubble for summer soybean cultivation can increase soybean yields by approximately 10%, improve water and fertilizer use efficiency by over 10%, raise cotton income by more than 60 yuan, enhance soil fertility, reduce erosion, and prevent environmental pollution from straw burning.
In terms of technical details, wheat straw treatment is crucial. For the cockroach live broadcasting method, a combine harvester is used to harvest wheat, and a straw shredding and spreading device is added to break down and evenly distribute the straw. The height of the wheat stubble should be below 20 cm, and the straw length should be less than 10 cm. If the harvester lacks the spreading device, the straw can be crushed 1–2 times using a hammer-type straw crusher. For the no-till and straw-sorting seeding method, the straw is removed from the field, then crushed 1–2 times before planting.
Seed selection is also important—high-yield, high-quality soybean varieties are chosen, with a germination rate ensured. The seeding rate is typically between 4–5 kg per acre, resulting in about 15,000 seedlings. Early sowing is recommended immediately after wheat harvest to avoid delays, which could affect germination.
For the cockroach live broadcasting technique, mechanical sowing is performed with precise operations including ditching, fertilizing, sowing, and covering the soil in one pass. The row spacing is 40 cm, and the seeding depth is 3–5 cm. In the no-till and straw-sorting seeding method, a specialized planter (model 2BMF-3B) is used to handle the wheat stubble, with simultaneous operations of pulling straw, ditching, fertilizing, sowing, and covering the soil. For the shallow-spinning technique, seeds and fertilizers are manually spread, with two applications to ensure even distribution. After spreading, a rotary tiller is used to mix the soil to a depth of about 5 cm, followed by compaction with a roller or wooden board.
Fertilization typically involves 10–15 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) per mu, or 10 kg of phosphate and 10 kg of potash fertilizer if applied during the previous alfalfa (wheat) phase. Additional fertilization can be done during the soybean branching stage.
Rhizobium inoculation is also an essential step. Using 105–106 rhizobia per soybean seed, the microbial agent is diluted with water or soil and applied evenly to the seeds. The treated seeds should be sown within 12 hours to ensure effective nodulation.
This integrated approach not only boosts productivity but also promotes sustainable agriculture by improving soil health and reducing environmental impact.
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