McMug Summer Soybean Festival
The summer soybean cultivation technique following wheat harvest is a modern agricultural method that combines mechanical wheat harvesting with the return of straw to the field. This approach integrates various practices such as protective mechanical cultivation, post-emergence herbicide application, pest management, chemical regulation, and rhizobial inoculation. As agricultural machinery continues to advance, this technique has become a dominant system in the Huanghuaihai region for winter wheat followed by summer soybean cropping.
This method includes three main techniques: cockroach live broadcast, no-till straw spreading precision seeding, and shallow-spinning. It is particularly suitable for areas where wheat and soybean are grown in two successive seasons.
Compared to traditional methods, the wheat stubble-based summer soybean technique can increase soybean yields by about 10%, improve water and fertilizer use efficiency by over 10%, boost cotton income by more than 60 yuan, enhance soil fertility, reduce erosion, and prevent environmental pollution from straw burning.
In terms of technical details, wheat straw management is crucial. For the cockroach live broadcast technique, a combine harvester is used with a straw chopping and spreading device to evenly distribute chopped straw (less than 10 cm in length) after harvesting. If the harvester lacks this device, the straw can be crushed 1–2 times using a hammer-type straw crusher. In no-till and straw-sorting seeding techniques, the straw is removed from the field and then crushed before planting.
Seed selection involves high-yield, high-quality soybean varieties, with a seeding rate of 4–5 kg per acre and approximately 15,000 seedlings per acre. The timing of sowing is critical—seeds should be planted immediately after wheat harvest to avoid delays.
For sowing, the cockroach live broadcast technique uses mechanical planting equipment that performs multiple tasks in one pass, including ditching, fertilizing, sowing, and covering. The no-till and straw-stripping technique uses specialized planters that handle straw removal, ditching, fertilizing, and sowing in a single operation. The shallow-spinning method involves manual seed and fertilizer distribution, followed by tilling and rolling to ensure good soil contact.
Fertilization typically includes 10–15 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) per acre, or 10 kg of phosphate and 10 kg of potash on top of regular wheat fertilization. Additional fertilization can be applied during the soybean branching stage.
Rhizobial inoculation is also important. A microbial agent containing 105–106 rhizobia per seed is diluted with water or soil and applied to seeds, ensuring even coverage and quick sowing within 12 hours.
This integrated system not only improves productivity but also promotes sustainable farming practices, making it an essential part of modern agriculture in the region.
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