Steel such as stainless steel is refined under normal pressure
Steel refining, such as the production of stainless steel under normal atmospheric pressure, does not require a vacuum environment. However, it can achieve a wide range of refining effects, including decarburization, deoxidation, desulfurization, removal of inclusions, and precise control of both chemical composition and temperature. Several key refining methods are commonly used under normal pressure conditions:
1. **Synthetic Slag Washing** is one of the early techniques developed for off-furnace steel refining. In this process, synthetic slag is introduced into the ladle, and the kinetic energy from pouring molten steel creates an emulsion between the steel and slag. This increases the contact area between the two phases, thereby accelerating the refining reactions and effectively reducing sulfur and oxygen content.
2. **Ladle Argon Stirring** involves blowing argon gas from the bottom of the ladle to enhance the efficiency of deoxidation. The vigorous stirring helps to float inclusions to the surface, resulting in more uniform temperature and composition of the molten steel.
3. **Slag Addition with Synthetic Slag** is often combined with argon stirring to prevent reoxidation and contamination during the refining process. When slag washing is performed by submerging into the hood, it is referred to as the SAB method. If the slag is added directly from the ladle cover, it is known as the CBA method. Both techniques help reduce the overall oxygen content in medium- and low-carbon steels, including low-alloy steels. Additionally, alloying elements and deoxidizers can be introduced, allowing for the production of low-nitrogen steel when combined with converter processes.
4. **LF (Ladle Furnace) Method** utilizes electric arc heating along with argon stirring to raise the temperature, promote metallurgical reactions, lower oxygen levels, and remove inclusions effectively.
5. **Dusting Refining Method**, also known as Ladle Jet Metallurgy, includes various techniques such as the TN process and the CBA/TN process. These involve injecting alloying elements and refining materials into the molten steel to improve its quality.
6. **Stainless Steel Refining Method** typically uses the AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarburization) process under normal pressure. Based on this, the CIU (Combined Injection Unit) method has been developed. While both methods share similar furnace designs and smelting processes, the CIU method uses steam instead of argon gas for certain operations.
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**Tags:** Stainless steel refining method
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