The characteristics and maintenance of CNC machine tools

Second, the maintenance of CNC machine tools

CNC system is the core component of CNC machine tools. Therefore, the maintenance of CNC machine tools is mainly the maintenance of CNC system. After a long period of use of the CNC system, the performance of electronic components should be deteriorated or even damaged. Some mechanical components are even more so. In order to maximize the life of components and the wear cycle of components, prevent various faults, especially vicious accidents. The occurrence of the CNC system must be routinely maintained. To sum it up, pay attention to the following aspects.

1. Formulate rules and regulations for routine maintenance of CNC systems

Determine the respective maintenance regulations based on the characteristics of the various components. If it is specified in the text where it needs to be cleaned every day (such as the input/output unit of the CNC system - the cleaning of the photoelectric reader, check whether the mechanical structure is well lubricated, etc.), which parts should be regularly inspected or replaced (such as DC servo motor brushes and The commutator should be checked once a month).

2. Open the door of the CNC cabinet and the power cabinet as little as possible

Because the air in the machine shop usually contains oil mist, dust and even metal powder. Once they fall on the printed circuit or electrical device in the CNC system, it is easy to cause the insulation resistance between components to drop, and even cause damage to components and printed circuits. Some users in the summer in order to overload the CNC system for a long time, open the door of the CNC cabinet to dissipate heat, this is an indispensable method, which will eventually lead to accelerated damage of the CNC system. The correct way is to reduce the external ambient temperature of the CNC system. Therefore, there should be a strict regulation, unless the necessary adjustments and repairs are made, it is not allowed to open the door casually, and it is not allowed to open the door during use.

3. Regularly clean the cooling and ventilation system of the CNC cabinet

Every cooling fan on the CNC system cabinet should be checked every day for normal operation. Check whether the air duct filter is blocked every six months or quarterly depending on the working environment. If there is too much dust accumulation on the filter, it needs to be cleaned up in time. Otherwise, the temperature inside the cabinet of the CNC system will be high (it is generally not allowed to exceed 55 °C), resulting in overheating alarm or unreliable operation of the CNC system.

4. Always monitor the grid voltage for the CNC system

The CNC system produced by FANUC allows the grid voltage to fluctuate within the range of 85% to 110% of the rated value. If this range is exceeded, the system will not work properly and may even cause damage to the internal electronic components of the CNC system.

5. Regularly replace the battery for memory

There are two types of memory in the CNC system produced by FANUC:

(1) A bubble memory that does not require battery retention.

(2) CMOS RAM devices that need to be held by batteries. In order to maintain the stored contents during the period when the CNC system is not powered, a rechargeable battery maintenance circuit is provided inside. When the CNC system is powered on, a +5V power supply passes through a diode to the CMOS RAM. Power supply and charge the rechargeable battery; when the CNC system cuts off the power, it is powered by the battery to maintain the information in the CMOS RAM. In general, even if the battery has not failed, the battery should be replaced once a year to ensure The system works fine. In addition, it must be noted that the replacement of the battery should be carried out under the power supply of the CNC system.

6. Maintenance of the CNC system when not in use for a long time

In order to improve the utilization rate of the numerical control system and reduce the failure of the numerical control system, the numerical control machine tool should be used at full load, instead of being idle for a long time. For some reason, when the numerical control system is idle for a long time, in order to avoid damage of the numerical control system, the following two should be noted. point:

(1) It is necessary to energize the CNC system frequently, especially in the rainy season with high environmental humidity. When the machine lock is not moving (ie, the servo motor does not turn), let the CNC system run empty. The heat of the electrical components itself is used to dissipate the moisture in the numerical control system, and the performance of the electronic device is ensured to be stable and reliable. It has been proved that in areas with high air humidity, frequent power supply is an effective measure to reduce the failure rate.

(2) When the CNC machine tool adopts DC feed servo drive and DC spindle servo drive, the brush should be taken out from the DC motor to avoid corrosion of the commutator surface due to chemical corrosion, resulting in deterioration of the commutation performance and even The entire motor is damaged.

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